Therapists and technology: A qualitative study on AI′s role in counseling

Abstract

Background: Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into mental health counseling revolutionizes therapeutic practices, with toolslike ChatGPT and Woebot offering scalable and accessible support. While these advancements hold promise, the relational natureof counseling, rooted in empathy and cultural sensitivity, raises questions about the role of AI in maintaining the essence ofhuman connection.Purpose: This qualitative study explores therapists' attitudes and beliefs about integrating AI in counseling, examining factors thatfacilitate or hinder acceptance. As AI tools increasingly enter therapeutic settings, understanding therapists' perspectives on theirpotential, limitations, and ethical implications is crucial for responsible integration.Methodology: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 therapists from diverse professional backgrounds and varyinglevels of AI exposure. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's [1] framework, withfindings interpreted through sociotechnical systems theory (STS) and an extended technology acceptance model (TAM).Findings: The analysis revealed four major themes (1) AI as a complementary tool; (2) ethical concerns regarding data privacy,bias, and transparency; (3) cultural sensitivity challenges; and (4) limitations in replicating therapeutic dynamics. These findingsinformed a conceptual framework highlighting the conditional nature of AI acceptance.Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for ethical, culturally sensitive AI systems to complement human therapists ratherthan replace them. AI acceptance among therapists depends on addressing trust deficits, incorporating diverse culturalperspectives in AI development, and preserving the relational core of therapeutic practice. This study offers theoretical andpractical insights for researchers, developers, and practitioners seeking to integrate AI responsibly into mental health services.