Entrepreneurship as a Bridge: Exploring the Acculturation and Entrepreneurial Pathways of Afghan and Syrian Refugees in Turkey

Abstract

This study examines the acculturation outcomes of Afghan and Syrian refugee entrepreneurs in Turkey, focusing on psychological and sociocultural adaptation within entrepreneurial contexts. As refugee populations increase, understanding how entrepreneurship supports integration is essential for informing policy and support mechanisms. Based on in-depth interviews with 24 refugee entrepreneurs (11 Afghans and 13 Syrians), the study explores factors shaping psychological wellbeing, social integration, cultural adaptation, and life satisfaction. Findings indicate that Syrian refugees report higher levels of psychological and social adaptation, potentially linked to stronger community presence and more recent migration experiences. Afghan refugees, despite facing greater challenges related to trauma and prior displacement, demonstrate resilience through religious coping, work engagement, and stability. Across both groups, entrepreneurship facilitates economic self-sufficiency and social connection, while challenges such as legal barriers, financial strain, and work–life imbalance persist. The study highlights the need for tailored support policies addressing group-specific needs.