Investigating psychological adaptations of parents to childhood disabilities

Abstract

Background and Objective: Parenting a child with a disability presents unique challenges and necessitates psychological adaptation. This study explores the psychological adaptations of parents to childhood disabilities. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed, utilizing semi-structured interviews with 26 parents of children with disabilities in Richmond Hill, Ontario in 2023. Theoretical saturation was achieved to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the experiences. Meanwhile, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis, facilitated by NVivo software. Results: Four main themes were identified: emotional journey, coping strategies, family dynamics, and social and community support. The emotional journey theme included initial reactions of shock and adaptation over time, leading to grief acceptance and positive reappraisals. The coping strategies theme involved seeking information, building a support network, professional support, personal coping mechanisms, and advocacy. Family Dynamics revealed changes in family roles, sibling relationships, and marital/partner relationships. Finally, the social and community support theme highlighted the importance of community involvement, access to resources, public perception and stigma, and inclusion and accessibility. Conclusion: This study demonstrates parents' complex and dynamic psychological adaptations to childhood disabilities. It underscores the importance of comprehensive support systems that address the emotional, practical, and social needs of families. The findings highlight the resilience of parents and the necessity for targeted interventions to support their well-being and facilitate positive adaptation.