Bankanın mevduat sözleşmesinden doğan hukuki sorumluluğu
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Banka nezdinde hesap açılmak suretiyle mevduat sahibine ait paranın saklanmasını ve talep yahut vade tarihinde söz konusu paranın iadesini konu alan mevduat sözleşmesi, uygulamada en sık karşılaşılan banka sözleşmesidir. Bu sözleşme ilişkisi; bankanın asli yükümlülüğü olarak mevduatı iade borcunu doğurur. Uygulamada en çok ihlalin, mevduatın iadesi aşamasında gerçekleştiği görülmektedir. Özellikle banka nezdindeki mevduatlara yönelik üçüncü kişilerin yetkisiz ve hukuka aykırı işlemleri, mevduatı iade borcunun kapsamını detaylı incelemeyi gerektirmektedir. Zira mevduata yönelik haksız eylemlerden doğan zarar "banka zararı" olarak değerlendirilse de mevduat sahibinin sözleşmeye veya genel işlem koşullarına uygun davranıp davranmadığı hususu sorumluluğun tespitinde önem arz eder. Bunun yanı sıra mevduat sözleşmesi bankaya; sır saklama, müşteriyi bilgilendirme ve müşteri talimatlarına uyma gibi pek çok yan yükümlülük yükler. Banka, "güven kurumu" niteliği dolayısıyla bu yükümlülüklerini yerine getirirken ağırlaştırılmış özen borcu altındadır. Bu durum, mevduat sözleşmesindeki genel işlem koşulları, sorumsuzluk klozları, bankanın asli ve yan yükümlülüklerini ifa ederken göstermesi beklenen özen seviyesi gibi hususların özel olarak değerlendirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Öte yandan bankanın mevduat sözleşmesi kapsamında doğan yükümlülükleri, özellikle gelişen teknoloji ve finans uygulamaları bağlamında incelenmeli ve bir güven kurumu olan bankanın sorumluluk sınırları çizilmelidir. Söz gelimi internet bankacılığı veya dijital bankacılık uygulamasında mevduatı veya müşteri sırrını koruma yükümlülüğünün, geleneksel bankacılığa kıyasla daha ağırlaştırılmış olduğu kabul edilmelidir. Bu sebeple bankanın mevduat sözleşmesinden doğan yükümlülüklerini ortaya koymak ve gittikçe daha yakın ve katmanlı bir yapı arz eden müşteri-banka ilişkisi çerçevesinde bu yükümlülüklerin ihlali hallerini irdelemek önemlidir.
The deposit agreement, which is about keeping the money belonging to the depositor by opening an account with the bank and returning the said money on demand or maturity date, is the most frequently encountered banking contract in practice. This contractual relationship gives rise to the bank's obligation to return the deposit as a primary obligation. In practice, it is observed that most violations occur during the return of deposits. In particular, unauthorised and unlawful actions of third parties against the deposits held by the bank require a detailed examination of the scope of the deposit return obligation. This is because, although the damage arising from unfair acts against the deposits is considered as "bank damage", whether the depositor has acted in accordance with the contract or general transaction conditions is important in determining the liability. In addition, the deposit agreement imposes many ancillary obligations on the bank, such as protection of customer secrets, informing the customer and complying with customer instructions. Due to its nature as a "trusted institution", the bank is under an aggravated duty of care while fulfilling these obligations. This situation requires a special evaluation of the general transaction conditions, non-liability clauses, and the level of care expected to be shown by the bank while fulfilling its primary and ancillary obligations in the deposit agreement. On the other hand, the obligations of the bank arising under the deposit agreement should be analysed especially in the context of developing technology and financial practices, and the limits of liability of the bank, which is a trusted institution, should be drawn. For instance, in internet banking or digital banking applications, the obligation to protect deposits or customer secrets is more aggravated compared to traditional banking. For this reason, it is important to present the obligations of the bank arising from the deposit agreement and to examine the violation of these obligations within the framework of the customer-bank relationship, which has an increasingly close and layered structure.
The deposit agreement, which is about keeping the money belonging to the depositor by opening an account with the bank and returning the said money on demand or maturity date, is the most frequently encountered banking contract in practice. This contractual relationship gives rise to the bank's obligation to return the deposit as a primary obligation. In practice, it is observed that most violations occur during the return of deposits. In particular, unauthorised and unlawful actions of third parties against the deposits held by the bank require a detailed examination of the scope of the deposit return obligation. This is because, although the damage arising from unfair acts against the deposits is considered as "bank damage", whether the depositor has acted in accordance with the contract or general transaction conditions is important in determining the liability. In addition, the deposit agreement imposes many ancillary obligations on the bank, such as protection of customer secrets, informing the customer and complying with customer instructions. Due to its nature as a "trusted institution", the bank is under an aggravated duty of care while fulfilling these obligations. This situation requires a special evaluation of the general transaction conditions, non-liability clauses, and the level of care expected to be shown by the bank while fulfilling its primary and ancillary obligations in the deposit agreement. On the other hand, the obligations of the bank arising under the deposit agreement should be analysed especially in the context of developing technology and financial practices, and the limits of liability of the bank, which is a trusted institution, should be drawn. For instance, in internet banking or digital banking applications, the obligation to protect deposits or customer secrets is more aggravated compared to traditional banking. For this reason, it is important to present the obligations of the bank arising from the deposit agreement and to examine the violation of these obligations within the framework of the customer-bank relationship, which has an increasingly close and layered structure.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bankanın Sorumluluğu, Dijital Bankalar, Elektronik Bankacılık, Fintek, Mevduat Sözleşmesi, Bank’s Liability, Deposit Agreement, Electronic Banking, Fintech
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Solmaz Bilici, M. (2024). Bankanın mevduat sözleşmesinden doğan hukuki sorumluluğu. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.