The first format of interregional cooperation with Central Asian countries: The case of the Arab Gulf countries

Abstract

This paper examines the emerging model of interregional cooperation between the Central Asian states and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries, using the first GCC– Central Asia summit held in Jeddah in July 2023 as a case study. The analysis demonstrates how this format fosters the expansion of economic, energy, transport, and cultural ties between the regions, thereby contributing to the diversification of external economic and political partners for Central Asian states. Key areas of collaboration are highlighted, including joint infrastructure projects, the development of the Trans-Afghan Railway, the “Green Corridor” initiative, and the integration of energy networks, as well as the establishment of multilateral meeting formats (e.g., GCC–Central Asia, C5+) that facilitate prompt decision-making and strengthen collective security. Special attention is given to the examination of trade relations between Kazakhstan and the UAE through a gravity model, which confirms that economic scale—represented by GDP—plays a crucial role, while distance and infrastructural barriers remain significant challenges. The study also underscores the influence of external actors, such as Russia and Pakistan, and emphasizes the importance of institutionalizing regional dialogue for sustainable development and enhancing global competitiveness.