Sustainable Leadership Competency Model (SLCM) for Emerging Markets and Developing Economies: Integrating global frameworks with regional realities

Abstract

Effective leadership is critical for navigating the complex sustainability challenges unique to Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs). While global leadership models provide a foundation, they lack contextual applicability for the distinct volatilities and socio-cultural realities of EMDEs, creating a significant gap in both theory and practice. This study aimed to develop and validate a culturally attuned Sustainable Leadership Competency Model (SLCM) specifically for these contexts. The research employed a sequential mixed-methods methodology, beginning with a systematic review of global literature to extract competencies, followed by structured interviews with 13 regional experts for validation and refinement. The resulting validated model identifies five core domains Strategic Competencies, Core Competencies, Core Values, Collaborative Competencies, and Personal Leadership Capacities comprising 16 specific competencies, including critical refinements such as Frugal Innovation, Critical Reflexivity, and Authentic Humility. This study provides policymakers, educators, and organizational leaders in EMDEs with a practical, evidence-informed framework to cultivate leaders capable of driving inclusive and resilient growth. Future research should focus on developing a quantitative instrument to test the model’s predictive validity across diverse EMDE settings.