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    Case report: Recovery from sexual assault: A religion-adapted cognitive behavioral therapy for a woman sexual assault survivor
    (Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2024) Işık, Hatice Rumeysa; Toprak, Taha Burak; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
    Long-term prevalence estimates for PTSD among female victims of sexual assault vary from 54.8 % (Oosterbaan et al., 2019) to 70 % (Bownes et al., 1991) and 87 % (Mgoqi-Mbalo et al., 2017), according to studies. Even sexual assault-related PTSD is significantly more prevalent than PTSD unrelated to sexual assault (Oosterbaan et al., 2019). Furthermore, Temple et al. (2007) found that rape, particularly by a current partner, is a significant risk factor for PTSD, stress, and dissociation. A significantly higher prevalence of PTSD as well as sexual problems and eating and mood disorders has been observed in raped women (Faravelli et al., 2004; Mgoqi-Mbalo et al., 2017; O'Loughlin & Brotto, 2020; Steketee & Foa, 1987). These findings underline the need to provide treatment for victims (Chivers-Wilson, 2006; Cowan et al., 2020). Existing research indicates that there is a need for a greater number of studies examining psychosocial interventions for victims of sexual assault; however, the prevailing body of evidence supports the effectiveness of interventions utilizing video and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) techniques (Lomax & Meyrick, 2022). However, trauma-related disorders may vary by culture, as may their therapies (Schnyder et al., 2016)…
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    Psychotherapies for the treatment of scrupulosity: A systematic review
    (Springer, 2024) Toprak, Taha Burak; Özçelik, Hanne Nur; Bulut, Sefa; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
    “Scrupulosity” is a common but understudied subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) characterized by religious obsessions and compulsions. Although scrupulosity is a common manifestation of OCD, it has not been adequately addressed in treatment studies. The aim of this study was to understand the conceptual nuances of scrupulosity, its diagnosis, the unique differences in conceptualization and interventions during its treatment, the specific tools needed to monitor the prognosis of the pathology, and the limitations of existing studies through a systematic review. Following PRISMA guidelines, a literature search was conducted, and 13 relevant studies were found in Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, EbscoHost+Ulakbim, Wiley Online Library, ScienceDirect, Taylor & Francis Online, and Web of Science databases. Two researchers independently rated the included articles using the MMAT and then met to compare the ratings. Disagreements were resolved through discussion and consensus was reached. There was a general lack of clarity in the conceptualization, diagnosis, and measurement of the severity of scrupulosity, and the content of religious or cultural interventions in the studies was not always clear. For future studies, further clarification, and systematization of the phenomenological features of scrupulosity and related epidemiological and empirical/experimental treatment research are needed.
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    Rethinking cognitive psycho-education -4T Model- in the psychotherapy of religious obsessive-compulsive disorder: Report of three resistant cases
    (Halil Ekşi, 2024) Toprak, Taha Burak; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
    In religious obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), the current cognitive model does not seem to be convincing enough for patients to understand the source of their obsessions and to distinguish between their obsessions and their religious beliefs (iman) and values, which affects secure relationships in therapy. Therefore, there is a need for both religious sensitivity and model proposals to solve the problem of lack of persuasiveness of cognitive psychoeducation. From this perspective, the present case study uses the 4T model (tahayyul (imagination), tasawwur (conceptualization/detailed imagination), taakkul (reasoning/reflecting), tasdiq (confirmation)), which is a hierarchical cognitive model and adapted with the inspirations from the texts of Muslim scholars (specifically from Nursi’s text of Treatise on Scrupulosity) on cognitive processes. A case report of three individuals with religious OCD is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this treatment method. Symptoms were measured in therapy using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Padua Inventory scales. Feedback was obtained for post-intervention assessment. The participants received 30 individual face-to-face therapy sessions, one per week, with an average duration of 50 minutes per session, and follow-up sessions were also conducted after the completion of treatment. The results from the three cases of individuals with religiously resistant OCD symptoms, which resulted in improvement on all scale scores, demonstrate that the model is substantially effective, particularly in addressing thought-action fusion (TAF). Furthermore, the thought hierarchy offered by the model is practical and compelling in the process of cognitive restructuring.