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Yayın Board composition, family ownership, institutional distance and the foreign equity ownership strategies of Turkish MNEs(Elsevier, 2018) Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; İlhan-Nas, Tülay; Okan, Tarhan; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Demirbağ, Mehmet; Wood, Geoffrey; Glaister, Keith W.; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüIn much of the developing world, families represent the dominant form of firm ownership. This study investigates how this influences equity ownership strategies when firms venture abroad. Drawing on agency theory and institutional theory, we investigate the direct effect of board composition and family ownership on the equity-based ownership strategies of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in their affiliates, and how institutional distance may moderate this. Examining foreign affiliates of listed Turkish MNEs, we find that a high ratio of independent directors is negatively linked to levels of equity ownership of MNE affiliates. We also find that a high ratio of inside directors on the board is positively associated with the equity stake of MNEs in their affiliates. The significant interaction effect between board composition, family ownership and institutional distance helps explain the unexpectedly weak effects of institutional distance.Yayın Developing potential and realized ACAP: The role of market sensing and responsiveness(Academy of Management, 2017) Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Bouguerra, Abderaouf; Mellahi, Kamel; Glaister, Keith W.; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüThis study explores how firms develop potential and realized absorptive capacity. In doing so, we extend the associations between organizational antecedents (coordination, system, and socialization capabilities) and potential and realized absorptive capacity by integrating market sensing and responsiveness as prerequisite contextual variables. The analysis is conducted using multilevel data obtained from 205 managers of 24 banks. Our findings show that coordination capabilities are positively associated with potential absorptive capacity while system and socialization capabilities are positively associated with realized absorptive capacity. Market responsiveness significantly moderates the relationship between socialization capabilities and realized absorptive capacity, such that the positive effect becomes weaker as market responsiveness increases. Also, market responsiveness significantly moderates the relationship between system capabilities and realized absorptive capacity, such that the positive effect becomes weaker when market responsiveness both increases and to a less extent decreases. The findings provide implications for research and practice on developing potential and realized absorptive capacity.Yayın Exploring the internationalization strategies of Turkish Multinationals: A multi-perspective analysis(Elsevier, 2021) Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Ayden, Yüksel; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Glaister, Keith W.; Demirbağ, Mehmet; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüDrawing on a multi-perspective framework integrating the dynamic capabilities view, the resource- based view, and the industry-based view, we study the internationalization process of emerging country multinational enterprises (EC MNEs). A multiple-case study research method was adopted to explore the internationalization strategies of a set of EC MNEs from Turkey with a specific focus on the enabling role of dynamic capabilities (i.e., sensing, seizing, reconfiguring) in their international expansion. The findings identify four non-mutually exclusive internationalization strategies (infiltration, catch-up, extender, and challenger), representing trajectories that EC MNEs pursue to expand their foreign operations. We contribute to research on the internationalization of EC MNEs by illustrating and comparing the variations in respect to their strategic behaviors.Yayın The effects of ownership concentration and institutional distance on the foreign entry ownership strategy of Turkish MNEs(Elsevier, 2018) Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; İlhan-Nas, Tülay; Okan, Tarhan; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Demirbağ, Mehmet; Glaister, Keith W.; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüWe investigate how ownership concentration and institutional distance both directly influence the equity-based ownership strategies of a sample of Turkish MNEs, and also how institutional differences moderate the link between ownership concentration and the equity-based ownership strategies of these firms. The findings suggest that neither ownership concentration nor institutional distance significantly affects the level of equity ownership. Although institutional distance variables have no direct effects on equity ownership, they tend to moderate the relationships between the ownership concentration and foreign equity ownership strategy of Turkish MNEs. In particular, we provide evidence that the regulative and normative dimensions of institutional distance affect the strength of the relationships between equity ownership strategy of MNEs and ownership concentration more so than the cognitive dimension of institutional distance.