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    BJP in social media : A multiple time analysis of ideology in terms of populism and nationalism
    (İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2019) Sabbir, Ahmad; Ezzat, Heba Raouf
    The BJP (Bharatiaya Janata Party) of India has achieved unprecedented electoral success in its last two terms, resulting in two consecutive wins with a large majority. This success, both in national and local elections, is often credited to their successful use of social media in mobilizing people on their behalf. For this reason, the national election in 2014 and subsequent local election at the federal level was termed the first “social media election” in India. There is an effort to see and connect the BJP’s use of social media and its success with the global rise of populism and their inclination to use alternative media. On the other hand, most of the literature previously produced regarding the BJP considered the BJP as a nationalist or right-wing nationalist political party. This study attempts to analyze the BJP’s social media articulation and decide if they are nationalist or populist. To do this, different timeframes are observed, as well as if it creates any variation or stability in the BJP’s articulation in terms of its ideological position. The research shows that most of the fluctuation is related with shorter layer of time, while there is a stability in their imagination of longer time.
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    Myanmar: Ethnic cleansing of rohingya. From ethnic nationalism to ethno-religious nationalism
    (Accent Publisher, 2022) Sabbir, Ahmad; Al Mahmud, Abdulla; Bilgin, Arif
    Rohingya, an ethnic minority group in the Rakhine state of Myanmar, has been levelled as one of the most persecuted ethnic groups in contemporary time. For the last five decades, they have been undergoing systematic torture ranging from deprivation of citizenship to mass killing and forceful eviction from their inhabitants. The army of Myanmar spearheads this persecution, which is deemed as genocidal. However, the engagement of radical Buddhist groups and support from the local Burmese population worsened the situation. Along with army intervention and ethnic differences, some economic and geostrategic question is highlighted behind this inhuman situation. But Myanmar consists of more than 100 ethnic groups, and there are other similar areas with similar economic and geostrategic importance. Though there are several instances of conflict in some of those areas, they are almost unparalleled comparing that of the Rakhine state. Having acknowledged the multiple genealogies of this conflict, this paper focuses more on the state/nation building process of Myanmar to understand the exceptionalism of Rohingya persecution. We want to argue that rather than ethnic tension or geostrategic interest, the nation/state-building of Myanmar in different phases of its history can put more light on the unique suffering of the Rohingya population in Myanmar. Analyzing the key historical transition of Myanmar, we attempt to trace the gradual exclusivity of the Rohingya people in the evolution of State manufactured discourse on the question of nation and their deliberate enactment of specific identity while alienating the other.