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    Revealing a word superiority effect using a unique variant of the Latin alphabet: The evidence from Turkish
    (Frontiers, 2024) Jordan, Timothy R.; Kalan, Aleynanur; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
    When visual stimuli are presented briefly, words are perceived better than nonwords. It is widely accepted that this word superiority effect reflects the efficiency with which words are perceived. However, most of what is known about the effect comes from languages (like English) using the basic Latin alphabet and little is known about whether languages using an alphabetic variant with very different properties can also produce word superiority. Here we report an experiment in which words and nonwords were presented briefly in Turkish, which uses a unique variant of the Latin alphabet containing 29 separate letters, 12 of which are close visual replications of other letters. Despite the potential for visual confusability and perceptual uncertainty, the findings revealed a clear advantage for words over nonwords, indicating that word superiority observed previously for the Latin alphabet can also be observed with the very different variant of this alphabet used for Turkish. Implications of these findings for processes involved in visual word perception are discussed.
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    The Reicher-Wheeler paradigm in word recognition research: A cautionary note on its actual contributions and published misconceptions
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2024) Jordan, Timothy R.; Akkaya, Aziz M.; Göçmüş, Fatma Zehra; Kalan, Aleynanur; Morgül, Ebru; Önalan, Kübra; Sheen, Mercedes Kier; Akkaya, Aziz Muhammed; Morgül, Ebru; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü
    The study of word recognition has been influenced greatly by findings obtained when visual stimuli are presented very briefly. Under these conditions, a great deal of evidence suggests that words are perceived better than nonwords, and even single letters, and it is generally accepted that these “word superiority effects” reflect the relative efficiency with which words are perceived. For more than 50  years, a key procedure for establishing these effects has been the Reicher-Wheeler Paradigm in which potentially confounding effects of non-perceptual guesswork are cleverly suppressed. More recently, however, the actual nature of the ReicherWheeler paradigm and its contribution to research have become misrepresented in a range of publications, and its use in experiments has been confused and conflated with other, less sophisticated procedures. In this article we describe the actual contributions made by the Reicher-Wheeler Paradigm to word recognition research and show examples of how these important contributions have been misunderstood and misconceived in experiments reported in the recent literature.