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Yayın Are the crypto markets shock resilient to COVID-19? A comparative investigation of trading prices and volumes(Econometric Research Association, 2024) Khan, Asad ul Islam; Bwando, William; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İktisat BölümüThe emergence of crypto currency as an alternative source of currency has been dubbed as one of the greatest phenomenon of the 21st century. Over the years, crypto currencies have grossly interrupted the traditional financial system and they continue to act as a catalyst for its revolution. However, cryptocurrencies have not been free from misery and controversies. The aim of this study is to explore and investigate empirically the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on price and volume dynamics in crypto markets. The study makes use of two data samples, but these samples are analyzed separately and independently. The first sample consists of Top Five Cryptocurrencies in terms of market capitalization (Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, Binance coin and Litecoin) as at 7 November 2020. The second one is made up of the Bottom Five Cryptocurrencies among the top 40 cryptocurrencies (FTX Token, Huobi Token, Filecoin, Dash and Decreed) as at 7 November 2020 again. The data among the Top Five Cryptocurrencies ranges from 2014 to 2021 and the data among the Bottom Five Cryptocurrencies ranges from 2018 to 2021.. The empirical results reveal that all crypto-currencies are integrated at order 1 i.e. I (1). The empirical analysis confirms presence of strong evidence for intra-and-inter long run relationship between price and volume dynamics within the crypto market irrespective of whether it is pre-pandemic or pandemic period. More so, there is convincing evidence from the results that much of the variance among the prices and volumes of the top five cryptocurrencies is attributed to the Bitcoin price-volume dynamics. This implies that it is critical for crypto market traders, investors and portfolio managers, before making any investment decision must consider the dynamics of price and trading volumes of BITCOIN as they hugely impact the prices and volumes of other altcoins.Yayın Are the crypto markets shock resilient to COVID-19? A comparative investigation of trading prices and volumes(Econometric Research Association, 2025) Khan, Asad ul Islam; Bwando, William; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İktisat BölümüThe emergence of crypto currency as an alternative source of currency has been dubbed as one of the greatest phenomenon of the 21st century. Over the years, crypto currencies have grossly interrupted the traditional financial system and they continue to act as a catalyst for its revolution. However, cryptocurrencies have not been free from misery and controversies. The aim of this study is to explore and investigate empirically the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on price and volume dynamics in crypto markets. The study makes use of two data samples, but these samples are analyzed separately and independently. The first sample consists of Top Five Cryptocurrencies in terms of market capitalization (Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, Binance coin and Litecoin) as at 7 November 2020. The second one is made up of the Bottom Five Cryptocurrencies among the top 40 cryptocurrencies (FTX Token, Huobi Token, Filecoin, Dash and Decreed) as at 7 November 2020 again. The data among the Top Five Cryptocurrencies ranges from 2014 to 2021 and the data among the Bottom Five Cryptocurrencies ranges from 2018 to 2021.. The empirical results reveal that all crypto-currencies are integrated at order 1 i.e. I (1). The empirical analysis confirms presence of strong evidence for intra-and-inter long run relationship between price and volume dynamics within the crypto market irrespective of whether it is pre-pandemic or pandemic period. More so, there is convincing evidence from the results that much of the variance among the prices and volumes of the top five cryptocurrencies is attributed to the Bitcoin price-volume dynamics. This implies that it is critical for crypto market traders, investors and portfolio managers, before making any investment decision must consider the dynamics of price and trading volumes of BITCOIN as they hugely impact the prices and volumes of other altcoins.Yayın Price and volume dynamics: The case of cryptocurrency markets before and during the COVID-19 pandemic(İbn Haldun Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, 2021) Bwando, William; Khan, Asad Ul IslamAlternatif bir para kaynağı olarak kripto para birimlerinin ortaya çıkışı, 21. yüzyılın en büyük fenomenlerinden biri olarak adlandırılmıştır. Yıllar geçtikçe, kripto para birimleri geleneksel finansal sistemi büyük ölçüde kesintiye uğrattı ve devrimi için bir katalizör görevi görmeye devam ediyor. Bununla birlikte, kripto para birimleri sefalet ve tartışmalardan arınmış değildir. Bu çalışma, bu tür gizemlerden birini keşfetmeyi ve araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın ana odak noktası, COVID-19 pandemisinin kripto piyasalarındaki fiyat ve hacim dinamikleri üzerindeki etkisini ampirik olarak araştırmaktır. Çalışma iki veri örneğinden yararlanmaktadır ancak bu örnekler ayrı ayrı ve bağımsız olarak analiz edilmektedir.İlk veri örneği, 7 Kasım 2020 itibariyle piyasa değeri açısından İlk Beş Kripto Para Biriminden oluşmaktadır. Bu para birimleri BITCOIN, ETHEREUM, XRP, BINANCE COIN ve LITECOIN'dir. İkinci veri örneği, 7 Kasım 2020 itibariyle ilk 40 kripto para birimi arasında yer alan Alt Beş Kripto Para Biriminden oluşur. Bunlar FTX TOKEN, HUOBI TOKEN, FILECOIN, DASH ve DECREED'dir. İlk Beş Kripto Para Birimi arasındaki veriler 2014 ile 2021 arasında, en Alt Beş Kripto Para Birimi arasındaki veriler ise 2018 ile 2021 arasında değişmektedir. Her iki örnekteki tüm kripto para birimleri 1. sıraya entegre edilmiştir, yani I (1). Johansen Eşbütünleşme Testi ve Vektör Hata Düzeltme modeli, bu çalışma kapsamında kripto para birimleri arasındaki fiyat-hacim ilişkilerinin kurulmasında çalışmanın benimsediği temel istatistiksel yöntemdir. Çalışma, pandemi öncesi veya pandemi dönemi olup olmadığına bakılmaksızın, kripto pazarındaki fiyat ve hacim dinamikleri arasında uzun vadeli ve uzun vadeli ilişkilere dair güçlü kanıtlar buldu. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, kripto piyasası tüccarları, yatırımcıları ve portföy yöneticileri için herhangi bir yatırım kararı vermeden önce, diğer altcoinlerin fiyatlarını ve hacimlerini büyük ölçüde etkilediğinden, Bitcoin'in fiyat dinamiklerini ve işlem hacimlerini dikkate almanın kritik olduğunu ima ediyor.Yayın The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of Turkish banks: A comparative panel data analysis(Inderscience Publishers, 2024) Bwando, William; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüThis study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of conventional and participation banks in Turkey. Panel data with random effects was the main analysis methodology adopted by the study. The data of ten banks was analysed within the range of 2015–2021. The results of the combined analyses could not establish any impact of the pandemic on the profitability of both groups of banks. The same result is also observed when the analysis is conducted on both groups separately. In contrast, a negative impact on the operational efficiency of banks was observed when the analysis was conducted on the two sets of the banks combined. Interestingly, the results suggest that the pandemic had a negative impact on the operational efficiency of participation banks but not on conventional banks when the analysis was conducted on the two sets of the banks separately.Yayın The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the profitability and operational efficiency of Turkish banks: A comparative analysis(Higher Colleges of Technology, 2022) Azrak, Tawfik; Bwando, William; Kachkar, Omar; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme BölümüThe World Health Organisation (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic on 11 March, 2020. This is the highest level of health emergency in the global health regulations. The pandemic affected all the global aspects of life including social, political and economic interactions amongst humanity. Like any other sector involved in day-to-day economic activities, the financial sector had its own reaction to the external economic shock induced by the COVID-19 pandemic. The first objective of this study is to empirically investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the profitability and operational efficiency of conventional and participation banks in Turkey. The second objective of this study is to estimate the effect of the pandemic on the combined profitability and operational efficiency of the two categories together. Panel data with random effects was the main analysis methodology adopted by the study. The Turkish conventional banks examined by the study are Vakif Bank, Iş Bankasi, Ziraat Bankasi and Yapi Kredi and the participation banks are Kuwait Turk Bankasi, Albaraka, Turkiye Finans and Ziraat Katilim. The data used for the analysis ranges from 2016 to 2020. The results indicate that the pandemic had no effect on the profitability of the Turkish conventional banks but had a positive impact on the participation banks’ profitability. The results also suggest the pandemic had a negative impact on the operational efficiency of both conventional and participation banks. Moreover, for the combined analysis, the results could not establish any impact of the pandemic on the profitability of the two groups of banks in aggregate. However, the results of the study show negative impact of the pandemic on the combined efficiency of both sets of banks.