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    A strategy for strengthening public perception toward sharia banking
    (LLC CPC Business Perspectives, 2021) Arfan, Abbas; Arfan, Iklil Athroz; Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
    The number of Muslims in Indonesia reaches 85% of the total population of 270 million, but the progress of the Islamic economics in the country is stagnant. This is evidenced by the sharia banking assets, which only reach 5% and never increase every year. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the primary obstacles hindering the development of sharia banking, from the perspective of sharia banking per se, and not from the society, as was the case in most previous studies. Besides, this study offers a strategy through a combination of Ibn Khaldun’s ashabiyyah and social construction theory of Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann to strengthen the public perception toward sharia banking. The method used to reveal the obstacles is a field survey method in the form of an obstacle’s questionnaire with optional answers, which were distributed to several Islamic banks as samples, and then the most selected answers are calculated. Meanwhile, to find a strategic solution, it is necessary to review the literature using a philosophical approach. The results of a questionnaire that was distributed to several Islamic banks indicate three primary obstacles: low level of public awareness about the use of sharia banking (80 %), low level of public understanding and knowledge on sharia banking products (60 %), and low level of government support for sharia banking (40 %). Meanwhile, the theoretical application of asabiyyah theory with the help of the social construction theory can be used to strengthen public perceptions of Islamic banking through a three-stage process: externalization, objectivation and internalization.
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    The implementation of Maqashid Sharia: Heterogeneity of scholars' fatwas towards Islamic banking contracts
    (University of Muhammadiyah Malang, 2024) Arfan, Abbas; Arfan, Iklil Athroz; Alkoli, Abdulrahman; Ramadhita, Ramadhita; İslami İlimler Fakültesi, Temel İslam Bilimleri Bölümü
    This study aims to analyze the differences in fatwas among scholars in the Middle East and South East Asia (Indonesia and Malaysia) towards various Islamic Banking Contracts products and assess the implementation of maqâshid al-sharia within the variety of fatwas mentioned. This study employed a qualitative approach and fatwas from the Middle East and South East Asia as the primary data, while the secondary data were obtained from books on Muaamalah Fiqh and Islamic Banking. The data were garnered based on a literature review with a content analysis technique. The descriptive-inductive method with a reflective way of thinking is used for data exposure, leading to the following findings: 1) There are differences in fatwas towards three Islamic Banking contracts: a) The determination of the deposit contract in the Middle East is stipulated in a qardh contract in a non-investment account; meanwhile, in South East Asia it is stipulated in a wadiah contract; b) in terms of Murâbahah contract, some of the Middle East scholars forbid it, while, some of South East Asian scholars and few scholars from Middle East allow it, and; c) in terms of the al-Ijarah al-muntahiyyah bi al-tamlik, most of Middle East Scholars forbid it, but South East Asian scholars allow it; 2) The implementation of maqâshid sharia within differences of fatwas among scholars has been appropriately implemented in accordance with Islamic law specified under contracts in Islamic banking products in Muslim countries.