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Strategic agility and product development in emerging markets: The role of employee resilience and self-efficacy as microfoundations
(IEEE, 2024) Bouguerra, Abderaouf; Gölgeci, İsmail; Gligor, David M.; Khan, Zaheer; Arslan, Ahmad; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Tatoğlu, Ekrem
While strategic agility is increasingly acknowledged as a critical source of innovation and product development performance (PDP), little attention has been paid to the microindividual capabilities that translate strategic agility into greater PDP. In this article, we examine the mediating roles of employee resilience and self-efficacy as key dynamic microlevel (individual) capabilities that connect firms' strategic agility to their PDP in the emerging market of Türkiye. We draw on dynamic capabilities theory, adopt a microfoundations approach, and run a multilevel analysis using data from 758 managers working in 185 firms to test our hypotheses. We draw on the microfoundations of PDP and provide important insights into how individual capabilities enable attaining higher PDP in emerging markets. In particular, the findings suggest that strategic agility is positively associated with PDP. Also, the impact of strategic agility on PDP - both examined at the organizational level - is conveyed through individual-level capabilities of employee resilience and self-efficacy. Our study makes significant theoretical contributions to innovation and product development, operations management, and strategic agility research and draws managerial implications.
The effects of COVID-19 on wellbeing and resilience among Muslims in Turkey
(Routledge, 2024) Ok, Üzeyir; Gören, Ayşe Burcu; Bayer, Nükhet; Ok, Üzeyir
This cross-sectional exploratory study surveys the general perceived adverse effects of COVID-19 on people’s wellbeing (including obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms (OCDS)) and the level of resilience shown against it, with specific reference to the role of religiosity and optimism. Data were collected in an online survey from 247 non-randomly selected participants in Turkey, aged 12–64. The questionnaire included a demographic form, a battery of COVID-19 scales, the Brief Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, a short-form Optimism Scale, and the Ok-Religious Attitude Scale. The results indicate that COVID-19 significantly and negatively influenced several aspects of people’s lives, including finance, mood, life perspective, physical health, spirituality, and state of mental health. Furthermore, resilience, family solidarity, religiosity, and optimism played a positive role in overcoming the negative effects. Nonetheless, women, less religious people, pessimists, and anxiety-prone individuals, including people with OCDS symptoms, reported that they felt less resilient against the perceived adverse effects of COVID-19.
Moving bodies: Embodied minds and the world that we made
(Cambridge University Press, 2023) Ringmar, Erik Ivar
Increasingly, we have come to live in our heads, leaving our bodies behind. The consequences have been as far-reaching as they have been devastating. This book employs several case studies – kings performing in ballets, sea captains dancing with natives, nationalists engaged in gymnastics exer cises – to explain what has been lost. These curious movements, we will discover, were ways to be, to think, to know, to imagine, and to will. They highlight the limits of historical explanations focusing on cultural factors and question currently fashionable “cultural” and “post-modern” perspec tives. Returning to our bodies and their movements enables us not only to explain historical actions in a new way, but also to understand ourselves better.
Threat of intervention in cryptocurrency market: West side story of Bitcoin and Ripple
(Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 2023) Aysan, Ahmet Faruk; Khan, Asad ul Islam; Isac, Nicoleta; Drammeh, Ousman; Özcan, Rasim; Khan, Asad ul Islam; Özcan, Rasim
This study examines the impact of intervention threats on the price and volume volatility of Bitcoin and XRP. Using the Threshold or GJR-GARCH model, we analyse the relationship between news shocks (representing intervention threats) and the volatilities of Bitcoin and XRP price and volume returns, based on data from January 2014 to April 2021. The results indicate a significant association between news shocks and Bitcoin's price volatility, suggesting that intervention-related news events have a notable impact. However, the relationship between news shocks and XRP's price volatility is insignificant. Notably, XRP's volume returns demonstrate a positive and significant relationship with news shocks, while Bitcoin's volume returns do not exhibit a significant relationship. Additionally, past shocks and conditional variance shocks significantly contribute to the volatility of today's price or volume returns. These findings suggest that Ripple (XRP) may benefit from the implicit threat of intervention, strategically managing its availability to control price surges.
Assessment of technical and financial challenges for renewable energy project alternatives
(Elsevier, 2024) Eti, Serkan; Yüksel, Serhat; Dinçer, Hasan; Kalkavan, Hakan; Hacıoğlu, Ümit; Mikhaylov, Alexey; Shah Danish, Mir Sayed; Pinter, Gabor; Hacıoğlu, Ümit
The purpose of this study is to assess technical and financial challenges for renewable energy project alternatives with a novel model. Firstly, a set of technical and financial challenges is created by considering the results of the literature evaluation. After that, the weights of these values are computed by Sine Trigonometric Pythagorean Fuzzy (ST-PFN) DEMATEL. The next step includes the ranking of six renewable energy alternatives with interval valued Spherical fuzzy multicriteria analysis with ratio and categorical data (SF MAIRCA) approach. Entropy and ARAS methodology are also considered to make comparative evaluation. Similarly, sensitivity analysis is also conducted for 10 different cases. It is concluded that the analysis results of all methods are the same. Therefore, it is identified that the findings of the proposed model are reliable and coherent. Identification of the most crucial technical and financial challenges of the renewable energy projects is the most important contribution of this manuscript. Furthermore, preferring the sine trigonometric structure in the proposed model will provide superiority to this model in many respects. It is concluded that difficulty in accessing finance for local projects is the most significant challenge for renewable energy investments. Moreover, competitive pricing of renewable sources is another critical issue in this regard. Additionally, it is identified that solar is the most successful renewable energy alternative to overcome technical and financial challenges.
Applying Galperin model to teacher professional development: A qualitative case study of a peer coaching program
(John Wiley & Sons, 2024) Kamali, Jaber; Javahery, Pourya; Kamalivahedazad, Jaber
The present study is an attempt to apply Galperin spiral model to implement and analyze a peer coaching program. To do so, six teachers (three coaches and three protégés), who attended a 3-month peer coaching program in which protégés received help from their more experienced peers (coaches), completed narrative frames about the program and participated in individual semistructured interviews. After the transcription of the interviews, the thematic analysis was conducted on the gathered data. The results of the study revealed that although there are evidential obstacles to doing the program including inter alia, cultural schema, teacher financial well-being and discontinuity of it, the employed model could provide additional aid and critical look for implementing peer coaching programs in educational contexts. Teachers and teacher educators can benefit from the findings by applying the proposed model in peer coaching programs.
Examination of group based domestic violence perpetrator intervention processes
(Taylor & Francis, 2024) Turhan, Zeynep; Parlak Ünlü, Ece; Ulus, İhsan Çağatay; Bulut, Sefa; Bulut, Sefa
This study examined the responses of domestic violence perpetrators to group treatment by conducting observations with 12 men from two 10-week two-group interventions who had received a no-contact order. Thematic analysis was applied to the observation notes. The participants often indicated improved awareness and behavior change through expressing feelings of shame, learning alternative behaviors, and acquiring new techniques. Conversely, the normalization of vio-lence, social expectations, gendered stereotypes, and masculinity crises were identified as barriers. The findings indicate that learning and implementing new strategies for healthy and respectful intimate relationships can help men take responsibility for their abusive acts.
Multicenter registry and test bed for extended outpatient hemodynamic monitoring: The hemodynamic frontiers in heart failure (HF2) initiative
(Frontiers, 2023) Heywood, J. Thomas; Munshi, Kartik; Jordan, Timothy; Muse, Evan; Fudim, Marat; Sauer, Andrew J.; McDermott, Margaret; Shah, Hirak; Bhimaraj, Arvind; Khedraki, Rola; Robinson, Monique R.; McCann, Patrick; Volz, Elizabeth; Guha, Ashrith; Jonsson, Orvar; Bhatt, Kunjan A.; Bennett, Mosi K.; Benjamin, Terrie Ann; Guglin, Maya; Abraham, Jacob; Jordan, Timothy
Background: Hemodynamic Frontiers in Heart Failure (HF2) is a multicenter academic research consortium comprised of 14 US institutions with mature remote monitoring programs for ambulatory patients with heart failure (HF). The consortium developed a retrospective and prospective registry of patients implanted with a wireless pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) sensor. Goals/aims: HF2 registry collects demographic, clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic (ECHO), and hemodynamic data from patients with PAP sensors. The aims of HF2 are to advance understanding of HF and to accelerate development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic innovations. Methods: HF2 includes adult patients implanted with a PAP sensor as per FDA indications (New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III HF functional class with a prior hospitalization, or patients with NYHA Class II or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) elevation without hospitalization) at a HF2 member site between 1/1/19 to present. HF2 registry is maintained at University of Kansas Medical Center (KUMC). The registry was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) at all participating institutions with required data use agreements. Institutions report data into the electronic registry database using REDCap, housed at KUMC. Results: This initial data set includes 254 patients implanted from the start of 2019 until May 2023. At time of device implant, the cohort average age is 73 years old, 59.8% are male, 72% have NYHA Class III HF, 40% have left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40%, 35% have LVEF > 50%, mean BNP is 560 pg/ml, mean N-Terminal pro-BNP (NTproBNP) is 5,490 pg/ml, mean creatinine is 1.65 mg/dl. Average baseline hemodynamics at device implant are right atrial pressure (RAP) of 11 mmHg, pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) of 47 mmHg, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP) 21 mmHg, mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) of 20 mmHg, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of 19 mmHg, cardiac output (CO) of 5.3 L/min, and cardiac index (CI) of 2.5 L/min/m2. Conclusion: A real-world registry of patients implanted with a PAP sensor enables long-term evaluation of hemodynamic and clinic outcomes in highly-phenotyped ambulatory HF patients, and creates a unique opportunity to validate and test novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to HF.
Unveiling the drivers of global logistics efficiency: Insights from cross-country analysis
(MDPI, 2024) Bayraktar, Erkan; Eryarsoy, Enes; Kosanoglu, Fuat; Acar, Mehmet Fatih; Zaim, Selim; Zaim, Selim
This study presents a novel approach to assess countries’ relative logistics performance differentials and identifies the underlying drivers using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. The findings offer strategic insights and provide nations with valuable guidance in navigating the dynamic landscape of global logistics competitiveness. Recognizing the pivotal role of logistics in fostering economic activity and contributing to sustainability, we utilize the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) within the DEA model to gauge efficiencies at the country level and scrutinize influencing factors. Our findings indicate that international shipment practices in the last decade, as well as tracking and tracing recently, no longer contribute to the competitiveness of the countries, despite their potential for improvement. The overall change in logistics efficiency during the last decade remained relatively marginal, primarily driven by the frontier-shift effect. However, notable disparities among the country performance groups, particularly in adopting technological advancements, are manifested in the frontier-shift effect. Countries with lower logistics performance should prioritize addressing structural challenges related to customs, infrastructure, quality of logistics services, and timeliness. Medium-performance countries, while benefiting from a focus on customs, tracking and tracing, and timeliness in the early 2010s, are advised to align their efforts with high-performance countries by emphasizing managerial aspects in recent times.
Correction to: Do Energy Resources matter for Growth Level? The dynamic effects of different strategies of renewable energy, carbon emissions on sustainable economic growth (Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, (2023), 25, 3, (771-777), 10.1007/s10098-022-02432-9)
(Springer, 2023) Jain, Vipin; Ramos‑Meza, Carlos Samuel; Aslam, Ejaz; Chawla, Chanchal a; Nawab, Tabish; Shabbir, Malik Shahzad; Bansal, Ajay
In the original publication, the affiliation information of all the authors was processed incorrectly. It is updated in this correction. The original article has been corrected.
South Asian perspectives on the nuclear weapons ban: Challenges and prospects for disarmament
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Mir, Mohd Amin; Nazir, Thseen; Nazir, Thseen
This research paper explores the nuanced perspectives of South Asian nations, primarily India and Pakistan, on the global efforts toward nuclear disarmament. Against a complex regional security landscape, historical conflicts, and evolving nuclear doctrines, this study employs a qualitative research design, drawing on document analysis and existing literature. The findings reveal divergent views between India and Pakistan, often shaped by intricate factors of security considerations, regional dynamics, and domestic political influences. The paper discusses the implications of South Asian stances on global disarmament efforts. It proposes potential pathways for fostering dialogue and cooperation in pursuing nuclear disarmament in the region. Through an in-depth examination of South Asian perspectives, this research contributes valuable insights to the broader discourse on nuclear disarmament.
Untangling the influence of corporate sustainability on export intensity: The moderating role of R&D intensity
(SAGE Publications, 2024) Aksoy, Mine; Yılmaz, Mustafa Kemal; Gölgeci, İsmail; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Cancı, Metin; Hızarcı, Atike Elanur; Yılmaz, Mustafa Kemal; Tatoğlu, Ekrem
Growing global environmental and social issues have imposed increased pressure on firms to address sustainability challenges in international markets, with a particular focus on improving their export performance. This is of significant importance for emerging market firms aiming to expand their presence in international markets, as they are compelled to bolster their environmental and social sustainability capacity to enhance their export intensity. This study delves into the relationship between corporate sustainability and export intensity through a longitudinal examination of 141 firms listed on Borsa Istanbul from 2014 to 2021. The results suggest that corporate sustainability positively influences export intensity, and this influence is further positively moderated by research and development (R&D) intensity. Additionally, post hoc analysis employing supplementary data pertaining to the environmental, social, and governance dimensions of corporate sustainability reveals that environmental performance plays a positive role in shaping export intensity, with R&D intensity positively moderating this relationship. In summary, the findings underscore that exporting firms that effectively integrate impactful R&D intensity into their international business operations are likely to harness their sustainability strategies, particularly those related to the natural environment, to achieve higher export intensity.
Teaching ethics in teacher education: ICT-enhanced, case-based and active learning approach with continuous formative assessment
(Springer, 2024) Göçen, Ahmet; Bulut, Mehmet Akın; Bulut, Mehmet Akın
The teaching of ethics in teacher education programs is crucial for fostering the moral and ethical development of prospective teachers and shaping them into ethical role models for future students. This study, employing qualitative case study research, gathered data from undergraduates in teacher education programs to explore the best approaches for ethics education. It found that combining digital and case-based pedagogical methods, fostering an open-minded attitude among lecturers, and implementing a blend of Socratic and active learning techniques leads to the most favorable outcomes. Additionally, con¬tinuous formative assessment throughout the academic year is essential. To cultivate a teaching workforce with strong ethical and moral values, undergraduate courses in ethics and morality should be thought-provoking, integrating real-life cases with a mix of digital and tangible resources. The ethics course lecturer should not only serve as a role model and exhibit a caring disposition but also use effective teaching methodologies. The pa¬per details key themes and categories for successful ethics instruction and offers specific recommendations.
Howdo organizational career management activities influence employees’ career outcomes? The mediating role of career capital
(Emerald Group Publishing, 2023) Yıldız, Didem; Bozbura, F. Tunç; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Zaim, Selim; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Zaim, Selim
Purpose – This study addresses a critical research gap by examining the pivotal role of organizational career management (OCM) in shaping employees’ career outcomes while also investigating the mediating influence of career capital in this relationship. This study aims to shed light on the importance of OCM as a strategic approach for enhancing employees’ career trajectories, filling a significant gap in the existing literature. Design/methodology/approach – Using a cross-sectional research design, primary data were gathered through a structured questionnaire administered to a diverse sample of 426 Turkish working adults representing various organizations. The study uses structural equation modelling with AMOS to analyse the direct and indirect relationships within the proposed research model. Findings – The study findings underscore the essential connection between OCM and employees’ career outcomes, revealing its positive influence on subjective career success, employability and innovative work behaviour. Moreover, career capital emerges as a critical intermediary mechanism that mediates the impact of OCM on these career outcomes, further highlighting the strategic significance of OCM practices. Research limitations/implications – It is important to note that this study relies on self-report surveys to gauge employees’ perceptions about their career outcomes and OCM. Additionally, the study data are confined to the Turkish context, which may influence the generalizability of the findings to other contexts. Practical implications – Organizations can bolster career outcomes through strategic investment in OCM. Industries can customize approaches, leveraging insights to optimize workforce potential. Policymakers should integrate career development principles, cultivating a culture of perpetual learning, thus fortifying organizational resilience and fostering sustainable success. Originality/value – This study adds substantial value to the current body of knowledge by investigating the mediating role of career capital in the relationship between OCM and individual career outcomes, particularly within the context of emerging economies like Turkey. The study’s comprehensive approach to understanding careers from both individual and organizational perspectives contributes to a more nuanced and holistic understanding of career dynamics.
Multidimensional analysis of investment priorities for circular economy with Quantum Spherical Fuzzy Hybrid Modeling
(World Scientific Publishing, 2024) Dinçer, Hasan; Yüksel, Serhat; Hacıoğlu, Ümit; Erdebilli, Babek; Hacıoğlu, Ümit
Circular economy aims recycling in the production process instead of destroying the products. With the help of this situation, waste can be considered in the remanufacturing process so that the rate of consumption of natural resources can be decreased. It is necessary to focus on certain investment issues to achieve a circular economy, but all investments have some risks. Hence, the economies should make priority analysis to take efficient actions. Investment priorities are identified to have circular economy. A novel fuzzy decision-making model has been created for this purpose. In the first stage, balanced scorecard criteria are evaluated with the help of multi stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (M-SWARA). Later, the multidimensional investment priorities of circular economy are ranked. In this context, elimination and choice translating reality (ELECTRE) approach is taken into consideration. The main contribution of the paper is that a new methodology is created by the name of M-SWARA. Owing to these new improvements, cause and effect relationship among the items can be analyzed. It is identified that financial issues play the most crucial role for investments to improve circular economy. On the other side, it is also concluded that remanufacturing is the most significant investment alternative to develop circular economy. For the sustainability of the investment to improve circular economy, necessary financial analysis should be performed. With the help of this situation, these substances can be reintroduced into the production process in the form of raw materials. With the increase of remanufacturing, it will be possible to reduce waste and save scarce material resources.
Application of Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy (TIIP) and Its clinical outcome on psychological distress among American Muslims in outpatient therapy
(American Psychological Association, 2023) Khan, Fahad; Keshavarzi, Hooman; Ahmad, Mahnoor; Ashai, Shereen; Sanders, Peter; Keshavarzi, Hooman
Although individuals frequently turn to religion and spirituality in times of crises and other mental health concerns (Vieten & Lukoff, 2022; Yamada et al., 2020), limited research explores its utility when purposefully integrated into mental health treatment, especially in Muslim populations. While there is evidence for the clinical efficacy of Islamic adaptations of cognitive and rational therapies for Muslim patients, there are very few clinical outcome studies on inherently Islamic models of psychotherapy (Hook et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2007; Worthington & Sandage, 2001). The present study explored the clinical efficacy of an Islamic model of psychotherapy, known as Traditional Islamically Integrated Psychotherapy (TIIP; Keshavarzi et al., 2020) through a practice-based evidence approach. Five clinicians, trained in the TIIP model, offered services to 107 patients for 420 sessions at an outpatient mental health center tailored to address Muslim mental health concerns. The therapist session checklist indicated that TIIP practitioners not only utilized Islamic spiritual interventions but also integrated cognitive and emotion-focused interventions into the TIIP model of care. The outcomes of the study demonstrated a reduction in clinical distress as measured by Clinically Adaptive Multidimensional Outcome Survey and a reduction in functional distress through clinical outcomes in routine evaluation over time, indicating preliminary evidence for the efficacy of TIIP in application to Muslim patients. Process variables such as session intentions, counseling topics, as well as specific interventions from the TIIP model are presented.
[Book Review]: "First Nationalism then Identity: On Bosnian Muslims and Their Bosniak Identity"
(SETA Foundation for Political, Economic, and Social Research, 2023) Lika, Idlir; Lika, Idlir
In First Nationalism then Identity: On Bosnian Muslims and Their Bosniak Identity, Mirsad Kriještorac undertakes an ambitious exploratory study to test the relationship between two key social science concepts, nationalism, and identity, focusing specifically on how a population’s exposure to elite-driven nationalist projects affects the likelihood of a strong ascription of the elite-desired national identity. Kriještorac is primarily concerned with determining the direction of interaction between nationalism and identity (p. 146) and for that he examines in depth the case of Bosnian Muslims…
Decoding technological frames: A qualitative inquiry into business analytics perspectives
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Keskin, Halit; Akgün, Ali Ekber; Tatoğlu, Ekrem; Etlioğlu Başaran, Hatice Tuba; Tatoğlu, Ekrem
Technological frames, examined through the lenses of social construction of technology (SCOT) and social cognition, are pivotal in organisational research. This study presents a comprehensive literature review from SCOT and social cognition perspectives, offering nuanced insights into how individuals perceive and interpret technology. Employing an exploratory qualitative approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with professionals from diverse industries, chosen for their varied expertise. Through content analysis, we identified eight technological frame domains: affective and cognitive dimensions, application value, personal attitude, job-related factors, managerial and organisational influence, and colleagues’ impact. Our inquiry delves into the intricate factors shaping these frames, highlighting influences at both individual and organisational levels. Crucially, this study underscores the relevance of its findings for business analytics and technology management, illuminating cognitive and affective dimensions that significantly impact technology adoption and organisational outcomes.
Sleep quality, quality of life, fatigue, and mental health in COVID-19 post-pandemic Türkiye: A cross-sectional study
(Frontiers, 2024) Bener, Abdulbari; Morgül, Ebru; Morgul, Ebru; Tokaç, Mahmut; Ventriglio, Antonio; Jordan, Timothy; Jordan, Timothy R.
Aim: This study explores the predictors and associated risk factors of sleep quality, quality of life, fatigue, and mental health among the Turkish population during the COVID-19 post-pandemic period. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional survey using multi-stage, stratified random sampling was employed. In total, 3,200 persons were approached. Of these, 2,624 (82%) completed the questionnaire package consisting of socio-demographic information, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the WHO Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF), Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Patients Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15), GAD-7 anxiety scale, and the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: Significant differences between genders were found regarding socio-demographic characteristics (p < 0.01). Using PHQ-15 for depressive disorders, significant differences were found between normal and high severity scores (≥ 10), regarding age group (p < 0.001), gender (p = 0.049), educational level (p < 0.001), occupational status (p = 0.019), cigarette smoking (p = 0.002), waterpipe-narghile smoking (p = 0.039), and co-morbidity (p = 0.003). The WHOQOL-BREF indicated strong correlations between public health, physical health, psychological status, social relationships, environmental conditions, and sleep disorders (p < 0.01). Furthermore, comparisons of the prevalence of mental health symptoms and sleeping with PHQ-15 scores ≥ 10 (p = 0.039), fatigue (p = 0.012), depression (p = 0.009), anxiety (p = 0.032), stress (p = 0.045), and GAD-7 (p < 0.001), were significantly higher among the mental health condition according to sleeping disorder status. Multiple regression analysis revealed that DASS21 stress (p < 0.001), DASS21 depression (p < 0.001), DASS21 anxiety (p = 0.002), physical health (WHOQOL-BREF) (p = 0.007), patient health depression-PHQ-15 (p = 0.011), psychological health (WHOQOL-BREF) (p = 0.012), fatigue (p = 0.017), and environmental factors (WHOQOL-BREF) (p = 0.041) were the main predictor risk factors associated with sleep when adjusted for gender and age. Conclusion: The current study has shown that sleep quality was associated with the mental health symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress, and fatigue. In addition, insufficient sleep duration and unsatisfactory sleep quality seemed to affect physical and mental health functioning.
The Committee of Union and Progress and The Iraqi Shiites
(Routledge, 2024) Yaslıçimen, Faruk; İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü
This article analyses the relationship between the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) and the Shiite subjects of Ottoman Iraq in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Drawing on a wide range of archival sources, it examines the various contexts in which the CUP attempted to integrate Iraq's Shiite population into the state apparatus – for example, by authorizing and supporting the establishment of modern Shiite schools or by employing Shiite scholars at the Ottoman courts. The Shiites themselves navigated administrative contexts, regularly petitioning the Ottoman authorities to fight for their rights under the recently restored constitution of 1908, thus exercising agency as Shiite subjects of the empire. In dealing with Iraq's Shiite population, the CUP government in Istanbul had to negotiate continuity and change in its policies towards them from earlier practices under the rule of Abdulhamid II (r. 1876–1909). New policies and administrative practices towards Iraq's Shiite population also had to be negotiated with local political intermediaries – creating a complex political constellation in which the equally complex relationship between the CUP and the Iraqi Shiites would unfold.

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