Gunaratna, RohanAslam, Mohd MizanAslam, Mohd MizanGunaratna, Rohan2023-04-182023-04-182021Gunaratna, R. ve Aslam, M. M. (2021). Civil Society Organizations against terrorism case studies from Asia introduction. R. Gunaratna ve M. M. Aslam (Ed.), Civil Society Organizations Against Terrorism: Case Studies From Asia içinde (1-13. ss.). England: Routledge.97803677128089781003150145978-0-367-71279-2https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12154/2215Politically motivated violence is an apex national security threat. Political violence, especially terrorism, does not emerge suddenly. In an environment of grievance and aspirations, it is nurtured and developed through indoctrination and support. The prelude to violence and terrorism is ideological extremism and exclusivism supported with sustained resources. If governments can effectively manage the threat of exclusivism, the threat of extremism, terrorism and violence will diminish. The strategy to manage political violence and its most vicious form, terrorism, is upstream intervention…eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessNational SecurityExtremismPolitical ViolenceIslamic StateAl-QaedaEditorial113N/AWOS:000799924700002