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    Cash waqf-based credit guarantee (CG) model for smes: Selected cases and a proposed model
    (İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi, 2022) Kachkar, Omar; Kachkar, Omar; Al Fares, Marwa; Kachkar, Omar; Azrak, Tawfik; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
    This conceptual paper primarily explores the current applications of credit guarantee (CG) in selected government institutions.Two CG government programs have been selected. The theoretical discussions have covered the underpinning concepts, mainly kafalah contract and cash waqf. To this effect, the shariah stand on charging fees for kafalah has been highlighted, along with the latest resolutions and decisions of shariah academies and institutions are cited. The discussions of the paper resulted in a conceptual CG framework based on cash waqf. The qualitative method is used, and an extensive literature review has been conducted. This paper found that the Malaysian CG program has a special Islamic scheme to offer CG, nonetheless, the program uses the concept of Kafalah bil-ujrah where it charges fees directly from the client with various rates. This paper argues that cash waqf perfectly fits as a source of funding for providing CG.
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    SRI Sukuk to achieve SDGs with a special reference to the legal and regulatory framework in Malaysia
    (Springer, 2024) Kachkar, Omar; Al Fares, Marwa; Yönetim Bilimleri Fakültesi, İşletme Bölümü
    Malaysia has the leadership in developing Islamic socially responsible investing (SRI) and green finance. This study aims to highlight the importance of issuing SRI sukuk to achieve sustainable development and point out the incentives which attract investors to participate in the SRI sukuk within its legal and regulatory framework. This study has adopted a qualitative approach by analysing previous literature, as well as examining Malaysian SRI regulatory framework provisions. This study found that Malaysia is the key actor in provision of an environment requisite for issuing Sukuk aligned with SDGs such as SRI sukuk and SDG Sukuk. Promoting financing for SRI projects through issuing SRI sukuk will meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In order to attract more investors to subscribe to SRI sukuk, SC Malaysia is determined that SRI sukuk should be highly mandated to invest in green, social, sustainable and waqf dimensions. Moreover, the government of Malaysia (GoM) provides Tax incentives for SRI sukuk issuers, investors as well as brokers. For instance, the SRI sukuk issuer enjoys tax concessions on SRI sukuk issuance. Finally, SDG Sukuk Framework explains the Malaysian Government’s intention to utilize the SDG Sukuk to fund projects that will generate environmental and social benefits and also conform to sustainable development goals.